Learning Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning Log - Essay Example The circumstance makes it hard for the meeting Chinese to appreciate. This thought impacted the proprietors of this eatery to make a chance to the Chinese in heart of London. Numerous customers visiting the café have commented that the eatery has empowered them to gain the best in an outside land. The café regards and advances Chinese culture. Gathering of customers who visit this eatery would bear witness to the above truth. The eatery area is heart English land where one would hope to meet the English culture. In any case, the uniqueness of the café stem up from the way that it pulls for the local culture of the Chinese. This is the best that an individual would envision particularly when an individual has been longing for experience the local culture. Language is a part of culture, which impacts every single other movement in the general public. The cafés favor tending to its Chinese guests in Chinese language and different guests in the most fitting language (Touro). The thou ght is to shield the business from neglecting to cook for the enthusiasm of the general public. Serving the requirements of Chinese individuals just as the necessities of the individuals who grasps the Chinese culture is the sole goal of the café. This goal is obvious through the drawn out help that the café has offered to the general public since its origin in 1890s (Chongqing Expat Club, 2008:3). ... Today the practices in the eatery show regard for the Chinese culture. Human culture varies attributable to the way that individuals live in different land districts. The practices saw in London by Londoners are vastly different from practices of Chinese in Beijing. How the texture that framed the establishment of the eatery foreseen to convey the practices alive. My arrangement at Chongqing San Jia Xiang café presented me to two occasions; first, practices my relational abilities in a worldwide domain second to hold pressure. The eatery offers administrations to global visitor visiting or dwelling in London. Correspondence is a pivotal apparatus in the cordiality business that directs the number customers. Customers visiting different recreational offices are quick to gathering in their new condition. The eatery offers a warm gathering to individuals (Touro). Introduction to new condition offers an open door for learning new methodologies. I was not a special case to this activity. I needed to get customers, tune in to their requests and react. The experience was acceptable in light of the fact that the administration figured out how to impact my response at whatever point I misconstrued the customers. Individuals have various capacities yet they need administrations. It implies I needed to create abilities of reaction just as aptitudes of remaining calm at whatever point the requests were out of my taste. The association concern advances a situation where an individual might learn. Individual’s introduction impacts ones capacity to deal with customers. The eatery the board and staff made a situation, which urges a person to be satisfactory. The eatery holds routine departmental gatherings, which targets dissecting and taking care of issues of the laborers. The

Analysis And Recommendations On Impact Accounting Essay

With the modifications of Bursa Malaysia Listing Requirement and Malayan Corporate Code Governance from the previous hardly any mature ages up to twelvemonth 2012, it is going irreplaceable for the masses recorded organization to gauge the adjustment so as to follow with the law and law furthermore to ensure sound organization in the association. Moreover, there are non only changes in BMSLR and MCCG however the general legitimate, regulative and organization model other than have experienced major and minor adjustments in past mature ages. Hence, the purpose of this examination is to ask and instruct all officials of the organization blending to the modifications in capacities and obligations of official heading what's more the activities program ought to be execute by leader of the board and other official so as to ensure the empower inward partner commitment and assurance sound organization of the organization. 2.0 Content2.1 Changes in the capacities and obligations of official directionIn old clasp, the obligation of the directors and administrators are just to do sure that the organization is following with the Torahs and law of the state furthermore to achieve their imprint which augment the organization overall gain what's more the investor riches. In any case, in today society, there is non bounty for supervisors that simply focus on overall gain of the organization and investor riches however adjacent to require focusing more on organization. In today association, an organization leading body of supervisors is accused of the obligation of keeping great corporate organization. Coming up next are the capacities and obligations of the official course changes in today ‘s associations, including: Formalize moral measure in the working environment In boss 1 suggestion 1.3 of MCCG 2012 had suggested that the board ought to formalize moral basis through a codification of conduct and assurance all individuals from the organization will follow with it. In this manner, the obligation of the Board is to build up a corporate human advancement of moralss, blending all through the organization. The board needs to actualize a suitable interior framework to back up, advance and assurance its similarities by structure its ain codification and framework dependent on the qualities it prizes as fitting concern conduct. The codification of conduct ought to incorporates the proper channels of imparting, adding to uncover representatives, customers, suppliers or different partners worried about conceivable or associated wrongdoings with the codification conduct, or any resistance with the law and statutes of the organization. For representation, the Board may set up an imparting nexus or steer representatives how to pass on straight with the Board and chances for whistle blowing. The board other than ought to rethink the codification of conduct irregularly and the theoretical of the codification of conduct ought to be set out on the corporate functionary site. Thusly, when contrasted with old MCCG regulative model, MCCG 2012 had required the leading group of the organization concern non only on law and law yet adjacent to moral rule of the organization. Oversight plan to cover with supportable improvement In suggestion 1.4 of MCCG 2012 other than suggested that the board should ensure that the organization plan to progress reasonable turn of events. The plan of the organization ought to be pay going to on three aspects of concern which incorporate natural, cultural and organization which support manageability of the organization. Along these lines, equilibrating ESG features with the contribution of grouped partners in the organization will be the vital obligation regarding the chief to uplifting financial specialist perceptual experience and open trust. So as to bring through the three aspect of the worry, organization ought to formalize the strategies on maintainability and partner bearing. The vital of the organization must pass on advantage to the earth and society, for example, supervisor can execute travel green endeavor. For delineation, organization can be after to deliver eco inviting product, for example, intercrossed auto mobiles which can help to chop down air contamination and pass on a group good for the shoppers what's more increment the overall gain of the organization. Other than this, the board other than should ensure the organization uncovers these approaches and their execution in the one-year study furthermore the corporate functionary site which can help to uplift answerability. Fitting to boss 7 proposal 7.1 of MCCG 2012 suggested that the board should ensure the organization has suitable corporate disclosure strategies. The barricade should set an inside corporate disclosure strategies and processs which are functional and incorporate input from heading. The board should ensure these arrangements and processs are following with the disclosure requests as set out in the Bursa Malaysia posting requests. In explaining these arrangements and processs, the board ought to follow the best examples and processs. Other than this, the sheets of chiefs other than have the obligation to move as the protector of value, transparence and answerability in the entirety of the organization ‘s strategies, execution and business minutess, and shield the inclusions of financial specialists and the more extensive contributions of partners. So as to help through this obligation, the director board should remain dynamic, educated and responsible for the overseeing of the organization. Generally speaking, the MCCG 2012 had suggested the board ought to be concern condition, cultural, organization what's more Torahs and law however non as the previous supervisor of its main obligations center around augmenting investor riches Audit and open its board sanction By referencing to head 1 suggestion 1.7 of MCCG 2012 had suggested that the board ought to formalize, reconsider all the time and do its load up contract straightforward to the people. Board Charter contains the vital reason for the Board of Directors, and a review of the Board of Directors capacities and obligations. The board contract speaks to a starting notice and essential inception writing, flexibly infiltrations to future individuals from the Board and senior heading. It will other than help the Board to gauge their ain open introduction incorporate its single chiefs open introduction. In set uping a board sanction, it ‘s significant for the board to draw the key qualities, rules, and ethos of the organization as the readiness of approaches and plans improvement of the organization depend on these contemplations. The board ought to unmistakably recognize the obligations and powers between the board and bearing, the distinctive kind of co mmissions set up by the board, and diverse between the president and the CEO in the board sanction Other than that, the board other than ought to incorporate the methodology and processs for gathering executive gatherings inside the board contract and the board sanction other than ought to be survey regulative by the board and the board contract should print on the organization functionary site. Advisory groups of the board other than play an of import work in the organization system and each commission of the board should hold a composed contract, which has been endorsed by the board and revealed in the one-year study. Along these lines, we can see that in MCCG 2012 had suggested that an organization ought to do it board contract straightforward to the people which the old MCCG do non set worry on that.2.2 Reason for board to reconsider their maps and placeReinforce autonomy Harmonizing to proposal 3.1 of MCCG 2012 suggested that the board should set about an evaluation or rating o f its free administrators yearly. Autonomous administrators can help to chop down risks beginning from battle of association or undue impact from invested individuals by carries free and equitable judgment to the board. Exercise and objective judgment of the being autonomous directors on the board without anyone else can be undermined by, among others, colleague or cozy relationship with different individuals from the Board. In this manner, it is significant for the board to carry on a one-year evaluation of the independency of its autonomous supervisors. At the point when convey oning independency, the board should focus past the free supervisor ‘s family unit connections, foundation and financial to see whether the autonomous administrator can go on flexibly autonomous and equitable judgment considerations. Models to gauge independency ought to be sets up by the selecting Committee. The leading group of supervisors should utilize these principles at the clasp of induction, y early and improvement of any new contributions or connections. The leading group of directors should unveiled that the organization has completed the rating on task or reappointment of autonomous chiefs in the one-year study and any notification assembling a comprehensive gathering. Other than connections, foundation and monetary, the rating measures for independency of chiefs ought to other than incorporate term of office. By referencing to the central 3 suggestion 3.2 of MCCG2012 had suggested that the term of office of the free administrators ought to be close to an aggregate time of nine mature ages. Endless supply of the nine mature ages, a free supervisor may overhaul as a non-autonomous administrator and keep on working on the board. Autonomy may weaken by long haul of office. In this way, the maximal term of office of a free supervisor is 9 mature ages. The nine mature ages time frames can be either continuous help for 9 mature ages or amassed nine mature ages of administrat ion with stretches. Be that as it may, after the 9 mature ages time frame, the autonomous administrator may in any case proceed to work for the load up as non-free supervisor. In any case, in boss 3 proposal 3.3 of MCCG 2012 had expressed that an autonomous administrator can remain as a free director subsequent to working a total term of nine mature ages may expose to the appraisa

Custom Essay A No-Cost Sample About Pandas Created by Top Writers

Custom Essay A No-Cost Sample About Pandas Created by Top Writers Spellbinding Essay Example about Pandas How might anyone be able to not be enchanted by a Giant Panda? The high contrast bears are a national fortune of China, whose bamboo woodlands are their normal living space, and all around perceived as the encapsulation of charming: A panda is not all that much or not exactly a plump, cushioned bundle of delicacy, and in the event that we didn’t realize they were a genuine creature from a recognizable piece of the world, we would accept they originated from a similar spot where rainbows and unicorns are made. In old China, warring armed forces even used to raise banners embellished with pictures of pandas when they needed to quit battling and examine their issues calmly. Private Writing offers proficient composing help with any sort of composing assignments in any field of information close by with the individual way to deal with each client. Our choice client service is prepared to help you day in and day out. Put in a request and appreciate the outcome. It appears, in any case, that Mother Nature may have given the Giant Panda its inspiring appearance as an incidental award to somewhat compensate for the various attributes that make the panda sort of a transformative disappointment. The Giant Panda is surely a quiet animal, however that is on the grounds that it essentially doesn't have the vitality not to be. In contrast to different bears, which are omnivorous, the panda’s diet comprises exclusively of bamboo. A solitary panda requires a region of around four square kilometers of bamboo to have an adequate gracefully of food, and it must go through 14 to 16 hours of every day eating that food so as to endure. The panda needs to invest such a large amount of its energy eating since it has a poor stomach related framework. The panda just uses about 30% of the supplements from its eating routine; by correlation, different herbivores, for example, deer use about 80%. The panda’s diet gives it one questionable ability: Pooping. Since the greater part of what it eats goes through the panda’s framework undigested, a grown-up panda creates a shocking measure of â€Å"number two† †as much as 62 kilograms for each day. The Giant Panda’s failure to utilize its food proficiently additionally keeps it from resting; the panda basically can't gobble enough to develop the fat stores important to permit it to sleep through the winter like a â€Å"normal† bear. The eating routine likewise is dependable, a few researchers accept, for the panda’s bizarre regenerative example. Female pandas ovulate only one every year and are just ripe for a few days. Since pandas should exclusively keep up a huge region of the bamboo woodland for their own food needs, experiences between pandas in the wild are generally uncommon, and that incorporates open doors for mating. In the case of mating is fruitful, growth takes from four to eight months; the wide time go is because of the female panda’s body deferring implantation of the treated egg until there is sufficient nourishment to help it. At that point once the panda offspring is conceived, it has a fifty-fifty possibility of making due to adulthood; panda fledglings are simple prey for various predators, yet as a general rule are murdered by being unintentionally squashed by their own moms. While the Giant Panda has been genuinely compromised by human movement, for example, poaching †which is treated as an appalling wrongdoing in China, deserving of a long jail sentence or even capital punishment †and obliteration of its common living space, the panda’s attributes that normally appear to neutralize its endurance have driven a few researchers to finish up it is a â€Å"remnant species†: One that is normally getting wiped out all alone. In that sense, the way that pandas are simply so darned cute might be a smart developmental preferred position †incapable to make due in the wild, the Giant Panda is outfitted with a look and a character that has demonstrated powerful to the one animal groups with the capacity to defeat nature for the panda’s extreme advantage. We trust that this clear exposition test gave above will assist you with writing a splendid elucidating paper. In the event that you dont have the opportunity to compose a clear paper all alone, don't hesitate to contact our article authors or put in a request.

Wireless Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Remote Technology - Essay Example Remote advances are getting ordinary. A huge number of people and organizations apply to the advantages of remote innovation, to raise the effectiveness and efficiency of their choices. That remote innovation benefits organizations and improves their profitability is evident. Shockingly, not all entrepreneurs are eager to acknowledge and send successful remote frameworks in their associations. Remote advances accelerate information transmission and are increasingly secure contrasted and equipment wired systems. The huge number of remote innovation gauges makes it conceivable to locate the best answer for every single laborer. The utilization of remote advancements is especially valuable for the unpredictable associations, which contain various offices and are being scattered over an enormous region: for this situation, remote innovations are the main conceivable approach to improving interconnectedness and sharedness of information and information between all degrees of the organizat ion’s execution. The present condition of innovation gives a broad rundown of remote advancements and gauges, which encourage the decision of the best remote arrangement. The utilization of Wi-Fi, HomeRF and Bluetooth favor the usage of remote advances in business and help organizations to meet their information transmission needs. â€Å"Wi-Fi is the most generally utilized remote innovation at present. It is an IEEE 802.11b remote norm and can transmit information up to 11 Mbps† (Wells, 2009, p.81). The utilization of improved Wi-Fi variants is conceivable, as well: for instance, WiFi/g and WiFi5 embody a moderately new standard of network and can transmit information at very nearly 54 Mbps (Wells, 2009). Obviously, there is no compelling reason to hold up until remote innovations â€Å"settle down†. They have just become a fundamental element of day by day business schedule. Without a doubt, remote systems can upgrade profitability and proficiency inside associations. This is, really, one of the

Nigerias premier and largest indigenous integrated energy services - Free Essay Example

Section 1 Company Analysis Oando Plc was founded in 1956, and is Nigerias premier and largest indigenous integrated energy services provider, with primary listing on the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) and a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange of South Africa. The company currently has a market capitalisation of approximately US $1.3 billion and is in the top ten (by market capitalisation) Nigerian controlled companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. (OANDO PLC, 2007-2009) Comprising of 5 major business units, the Oando group is vertically integrated, originating from downstream petroleum products marketing and rapidly expanding to Supply Trading, Gas Power, Exploration Production and Oando Refining. All these subsidiaries provide integrated energy services in Nigeria West Africa, with presences in Bermuda the British Virgin Island. Financial Performance This will be analysed using the IFRS  [1]  (International Financial Reporting Standards) figures rather than the NASB  [2]  (Nigerian Accounting Standards Board) for ease of interpretation. Table 1 OANDO PLC: FINANCIAL SUMMARY  2009 2008 2007  US$000 US$000 US$000 Revenue 2,283,557 2,686,544 1,501,794 Gross Profit 241,614 326,105 173,280 Operating profit 152,610 138,057 64,129 Profit before income tax 94,831 90,925 60,692 Profit for the year 75,234 74,579 49,804     Return on net operating assets (RNOA) 9.10% 10.25%  Financial leverage (FLEV) 274.88% 207.12%  Return on equity (ROE) 21.20% 20.74%  Assets turnover 1.72 2.43  Over the past 3 years, Oando group has witnessed a notable performance with an increase in revenue YoY  [3]  . According to reports by financial analysts in May 2010 (Meristem Analysts, 2007), Oandos profit after tax has grown at a CAGR of over 50% on the average. In the recent FY09 results, PAT  [4]  was about 21 %( See Table 1 above). This growth is as a result of expansions in its downstream operations, exploration and production upstream earnings as well as increased income from its gas distribution subsidiary. Although the companys turnover is advancing at a CAGR  [5]  of 35% (VETIVA, 2010), assets turnover decreased from 2.43 in 2008 to 1.72 in 2009. This decline was driven by the 15% reduction in sales from US$2.7 billion in 2008 to US$2.3 billion in 2009 and a 20% increase in average net operating asset. Table 2 This may signify that Oando was not efficient in using its assets to drive revenue in 2009 but Oandos strategy to expand upstream led to huge C APEX  [6]  due to ongoing financing of EP assets  [7]  . Also profit margins have been low due to issues with market price caps in Nigeria  [8]  in downstream marketing which is Oandos largest revenue contributor to date. Another significant financial factor for the company is the increase in financial leverage from 207.12% in 2008 to 274.88% in 2009. This increase was driven by the increase in average net debt and the slight reduction in average book value of equity from US$360m in 2008 to US$355m in 2009. The large debt to equity ratio is attributable to expansion plans and trading activities of Oando in importing refined products to Nigeria. As noted by VETIVA, a capital investment company and a reliable source of companys financial analysis in Nigeria, Oando group uses debt financing to fund its asset acquisitions and utilizes short term facilities such as import finance (VETIVA, 2010) to fund its working capital requirements, leading to the reduction in Return on Ne t Operating Assets and high interest payments. Oando enjoys relatively large Returns on Equity (ROE) as a resultant effect of its high financial leverage. Fin24, South Africas leading and biggest source of business, economics and personal finance news reported Oandos explanation of the groups drop in revenue in 2009 as a result of depreciation of the local currency (naira) to the US dollar by about 26%, the Group revenue reduced by about 15% compared with the corresponding period of 2008. (Fin24, 2009) Capital Cash Flow Growth In an effort to raise capital for further expansions into gas and power (to refinance its acquisition of upstream assets by buying onshore oil blocks from multinational oil majors: Shell, Chevron, AGIP and some West African Oil Companies to boost production  [9]  ), Oando has raised about $142 Million this year through the capital market in Nigeria and South Africa. This will also reduce its financial leverage and provide operating capital. In a recent newspaper publication (OSO, 2010), Oando has plans to raise about $250 million by selling up to 49% stake. Cash flow has been on the rise in 2009 due to one of the increasing production of the OML125 asset. Non-Financial Performance Market Position The market position of Oando is based on the companys strengths and weaknesses and how it will use these factors to align explore opportunities or mitigates risks posed by threats in the sector. Strengths: Oando, integrated into almost all the segments in the oil and gas value chain, has a very strong brand perception in the industry and country as a whole. The company has moved fast to become number one in the downstream sector in Nigeria, with above industry average earnings and turnover growth. With strong competences in downstream marketing distribution, it is pioneering the development of Sub-Sahara Africas largest gas pipeline network Independent power plants in strategic locations in Nigeria. Oando leveraged its capabilities in oilfield services to integrate backward into upstream EP. The companys entry into Refinery makes Oando poised to exploit opportunities presented by the new laws requiring indigenous companies obtain contracts and win bids so long as they are capable, in order to promote the Nigerian content the oil industry. Weaknesses: Oandos major weakness is its high gearing as a result of its capital intensive operations, high costs of interests and extended payback periods in some of its subsidiaries due to high sunk costs. Production and Reserves Growth Oando operates about four oil blocks in different stages of development. In 2008, it acquired a 49.8% stake in OML 125 OML 134 from Shell Nigeria Exploration Production Company (SNEPCo). These deep offshore blocks, co-owned by Italian oil giant, AGIP were won in an international bidding process in competition with BP, two Chinese national oil companies and the Korean National Oil Company, making Oando the first indigenous oil and gas company in Nigeria to have a stake in a producing deep offshore asset. (RIGZONE, 2008). Although data for proved/unproven reserves has been difficult to find via available resources, analysts research has shown that Oando is fast adding new assets with quick production yields and hopefully, this will help sustain their production and reserves growth. Costs Oando in the last 3 years has pursued its future strategy to be the no 1 Integrated Energy Solutions Provider in Africa and this has led to high capital expenditures as well as operating costs. Their FDA  [10]  costs in 2008 in the EP segment was above US$625.7 million  [11]  and the cost of capital (interests) attributed to the observed increase in its financial gearing. Costs in the downstream and distribution segments will decrease as soon as the refinery goes into operation. Section 2 Sector Analysis According to the Reference case projection from the International Energy Outlook 2010, (International Mining, 2010), world marketed energy consumption is set to grow 49% between 2007 and 2035, driven by economic growth in the developing nations of the world. This demand has led to the sectors strong drive to create and manage the supply and as such has defined the energy terrain with the following trends: Increasing difficulty in developing and improving the efficiency of traditional fossil fuels The dynamism of the roles of government and other institutions such as regulatory bodies and stakeholder expansion Reducing the GHG emissions from the burning of fossil fuels Exploring alternative sources that can be integrated into, leveraging current assets and competences These trends have affected the business strategies of oil and gas companies and their entire value chain. It has impacted governments and new regulations have to be put in place especially due the risk p osed current and future activities of the sector to our environment. Trend in the Oil and Gas Sector in Nigeria Looking at the sector within the Nigerian context, the upstream oil industry is the most important sector in the Nigerian economy and the VETIVA research publication of January 2010 revealed that the sector attracted Foreign Direct Investments and earnings and had led to the enormous growth in government revenue and GDP as shown in the Figure below: The Federal Government intends to boost production levels to about 4 million barrels per day, while also increasing the countrys oil reserves which currently stands at about 36.2 billion. Looking more closely at the factors affecting Oando with respect to the trends, the oil and gas sector is characterized by three types of ownership structure: National Oil Companies, International Oil Companies (IOCs) and the Local Oil Companies. Oando is indigenous and privately owned and in competition with IOCs and other local oil and gas companies. In the distribution and Supply segment where Oando has its largest turnover, the company leads all others in terms of market share as stated in the 2008 NNPC Annual Statistical Bulettin, where , Oando has the largest market share(Oando had 17.87%, Total 15.84%, African Petroleum 14.44%, Conoil 7.52%, NNPC Retail 5.13%, Mobil 4.58% and Texaco 4.47%.) (Placeholder11) Most of the LOCs listed above are mid-sized firms focused on the petroleum products marketing segment of the industry. Oando, in line with its growth strategy has delved into upstream business as well as refining, thereby competing with IOCs like Mobil, Agip, Total Chevron(Texaco) in the integrated energy business from exploration(onshore, offshore and deep offshore) to products marketing. With the bulk of Oandos operations being in the downstream petroleum marketing and supply and distribution segments, it faces the challenge of its products being commoditized and price dominated in the future hence to enhance its earnings; it is highly committed to building a 360,000 capacity refinery in Lagos. (Meristem A nalysts, 2007) Opportunities: High Demand for Petroleum Products: Nigeria is in the emerging market phase with a lot of petroleum consumption and demand driven by businesses individuals. According to the EIA, in 2009, total oil production in  Nigeria  was slightly over 2.2 million bbl/d, making it the largest oil producer in  Africa. (US EIA, 2010) This may be attributed to GDP growths leading to automobiles affordability and the poor power supply in the country, characterized by consumers generating power (electricity) in homes and offices across the country. The current and forecasted high demand for petroleum products in Africa has necessitated a need to increase power production to homes and businesses. The BMI Report forecasts that between 2010 and 2019, there will be an increase in Nigerian oil and gas liquids production of 55.3%, with volumes rising steadily to 3.40mn b/d by the end of the 10-year forecast period. Oil consumption is set to increase by 82.9%, with growth slowing to an assumed 7.5% per annum towards the end of the period and the country using 708,000b/d by 2019. Gas production is expected to rise to 126bcm by the end of the period. With demand rising by 205.3% between 2010 and 2019, export potential should increase to 65bcm, largely in the form of LNG. (Business Monitor International, 2010). Source: Nigeria Oil Gas Report from BMI (Business Monitor International, 2010) 2001 2009 2014 African Oil Use 2.98mn b/d 3.60mn b/d 4.14mn b/d Africa Oil Export 4.86mn b/d 6.08mn b/d 7.66mn b/d Africa Oil Production 7.84mn b/d 9.69mn b/d 11.79mn b/d Abundant Oil and Gas Reserves: The oil and gas reserves are huge and this gives latitude for production growth, especially when the reserves-to-production ratios are high. Nigerian Fuel Market Deregulation: The Nigerian government plans to implement a full deregulation policy in the petroleum products market which will eliminate the price caps on the products. This policy will encourage companies to invest in the refining segment and reduce the importation of refined products into the country. Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) The PIB was recently signed into law (April 2010) and is aimed at reforming the oil and gas sector. Its aim is to turn the National Oil Company and its subsidiaries into profit making ventures and local content participation in the sector, especially important to Oando is the  privatization of downstream  activities, the release of unused assets previously owned by IOCs and the planned increase of natural gas production to fuel power stations in the country. Threats Niger Delta Violence  [12] One of the most recent threats has been the resistance and violence in the Niger Delta area in demands for regional resource sovereignty which hampered exploration and production operations, lowering production output since 2007. Pipeline vandalism is another threat to the oil and gas sector in Nigeria as it sabotages production efforts by the companies (bunkering activities). Lack of Adequate Infrastructure Nigeria is rated as the worlds 10th largest exporter of petroleum products  [13]  , yet, due to poor refinery facilities as well as transportation in Nigeria has led to a substantial amount of gas flaring and heavy reliance on road transport, increasing carbon footprint. In spite of the high reserves to production rates, poor distribution facilities have left Nigeria importing almost all its fuel. This is a key reason why vertical integration in the sector is popular as companies have to develop their own infrastructure to support their businesses and reliance on others within the value chain may cause unwanted variability. Another limiting factor in the sector is the problem of ports congestion which delays imported products time to market. Delayed Subsidy Payments The delays in the subsidy payments by the government pose a big threat to increased investment and negatively impact the cash flow of the companies in the sector. This is further aggravated by the delay in passing the fuel market deregulation bill. Low Carbon Future The effect of the future low carbon economy will be enormous on the oil and gas companies in emerging markets as they will be jumping on the train too late. This implies that Fossil fuel production in Nigeria may increase at a time when export demand for it will decrease. The US is the largest importer of crude from Nigeria, accounting for 40% of (the 80% total Production volumes) total crude exported out of Nigeria. With the drive to lower GHG emissions and increasing utilization of alternative energy sources, export demand will drop by over 50% in the next 10-20 years. The discovery of unconventional gas which may likely be cheaper poses a threat to the companys gas operations. Source: (EIA, 2010) Volatile Oil Prices The sudden increase in oil prices translates to lower margins for operators in the downstream sector due to importation of refined products which is tied to crude oil prices. Oando incurs high costs due to exchange rates and instability of Nigerian Naira. In summary, the business strategy of Oando which is aimed at serving the West African Market reduces its dependence on the global trends in the short run as these do not align with the local trends peculiar to Oandos region of operation. Section 3 Scenario Analysis Oando Business Strategy Oandos key strategy is diversification into upstream oil and gas production while maintain leadership position in the downstream sector in West Africa. Most of its recent strategy implementation has been geared towards actualizing this goal. Oando is currently investing in infrastructure to gain competitive advantage in the industry by moving the company into a price setting position in the market. The commencement of the pipe-laying project across the country is to strategically equip the company for domestic gas distribution nationwide, making it the number one energy supplier of choice to homes and businesses. The Institute for the Analysis of Global Security has highlighted that due the USAs search for sources of crude oil and the move to reduce the worlds dependence on the reserves in the Middle East(After 9/11), oil production in Africa, especially Nigeria has boomed. (Placeholder1) But as Nigerias oil reserves have been predicted to peak within a decade from now (oil rese rves will decline by 2020), Oandos EP operations need to be focused on delivering energy through traditional crude quickly and expanding its operation into alternative energy sources or renewable in order to boost the efficiency of their integrated operations providing energy and becoming the leader in market share in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. The Shell 2050 Scenarios Former Shell CEO, Jeroen Van Der Veer predicted that Energy demand will double between now and 2050, based on forecasts that world population is set to grow by 50%, thereby causing increased CO2 emissions. CO2 concentrations need to be limited to 450ppm (parts per million) The decisions that will be made in the next few years by OG companies will shape the future of the planet. Business managers in the energy sector need to consider the future of energy, alternatives that may abound and align their strategies to avoid risks and exploit opportunities inherent in the scenarios for their companies. The 2050 scenarios present two outlooks for future trends in energy supply and demand, and the climate change impacts of each. . These scenarios are described briefly below (Taken from the Shell Energy Scenarios to 2050 report): Scramble: Where policymakers pay little attention to more efficient energy use until supplies are tight and GHG emissions are not seriously addressed until th ere are major climate shocks. Blueprints Where growing local actions begin to address the challenges of economic development, energy security and environmental pollution. A price is applied to a critical mass of emissions giving a huge stimulus to the development of clean energy technologies, such as carbon dioxide capture and storage, and energy efficiency measures with the aim of lowering carbon dioxide emissions. Scenario 1 SCRAMBLE With 40% of the US crude oil imports from Nigeria alone, it brings Nigerias Oil and gas market to the forefront as a major global supplier. As earlier mentioned, the USA is pitting against the Middle East oil producers by encouraging African countries to increase their production of crude oil for export purposes to maintain existing lifestyles. There is little collaboration seen between nations as each is trying to maximize their energy supplies. In Nigeria, we see this scramble in the recent activities in the sector with the Chinese OG firms competing rigorously for oil blocks and refineries in Nigeria. As China must import about 60% of its oil needs, this scramble reflects that the interest and inter-country trades are aimed to ensure continued supplies and economic prosperity, rather than building a sustainable global future. Oandos business strategy in partnering with Russias Gazprom  [14]  to develop oil and gas assets and infrastructure in Nigeria and some parts of Wes t African, though seen as a profitable strategic alliance by Wale Tinubu (CEO, Oando), smacks of Russias deliberate intent to monopolize the European gas market by sabotaging EU chances of getting oil via the Trans-Saharan gas pipeline from Nigeria within the next decade. (IHS Global Insight, 2008) The Nigerian governments involvement in the deal is also to promote FDI and grow its GDP. Chinas interest in the oil and gas sector in Nigeria and its fierce bid for about 90% of the government offered oil blocks in 2008, along with the resistance from American and European IOCs in the country show that lowering climate stresses are not the priority for these investments, rather the 5 to 10 year strategy of these international trade relationships is to ensure the security of energy imports. Oando is currently investing in upstream oil projects and the focus for the future is addressing increasing demand and supply pressures. Online research on Oandos strategy has not produced any low carbon initiatives support which allows me to suggest that climate change is low on the companys focus priorities in the near future and this can be said to of Nigeria. Some other reasons why Oando may not be exploring alternative energy production such as renewable may be due to lack of infrastructure to carry out these innovations, the countrys relatively low CO2 emissions w.r.t. USA and China may give companies in Nigeria a false air of not contributing to the risk of the GHG emissions, the cost associated with addressing climate change. Scenario 2 BLUEPRINTS One of the trends in Nigeria that will spur a move towards energy efficiency is the deregulation of the downstream market. The increase in price of petroleum products will bring about a change in the use of these products, towards efficiency and finding alternative sources. Oandos diversification strategy necessitates that it pursues new oil and gas discoveries as well as drilling technologies to tap into conventional and unconventional reserves in Nigeria and West Africa. Oandos strategy for the future (15 30 Years) should be to collaborate with the IOCs and government, leverage their technical competence, and boost production of both oil and gas. With the move towards lowering the demand for crude by the developed nations, Oando has invested in infrastructure that will enable the company meet local demands adequately. The gas distribution network is also a good foundation for Oandos long term strategy, contributing to the success of Nigerias plan in developing and monet ising the countrys Liquefied Natural Gas plans. The advent of alternative energy sources in other countries around the world may bring about its importation into Africa and lead to demand reduction for fossil fuels. Oando has to leverage its gas station networks to provide charging bays for electric vehicles across West Africa. Proactive strategic alliances with international companies skilled in carbon capture and storage technology to enhance oil recovery post its assets oil peak. In an article on The Future of CCS in Nigeria , West Africa, and particularly Nigeria, represents the highest potential for CO2-EOR and CO2 storage in oil and gas fields. (ANASTASSIA, FREDRICK, MALCOLM, 2009) Oando can enter into an agreement under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)  [15]  via the Nigerian government with government of other nations interested in Nigerias reserves, pioneering the promotion of low carbon emissions in the country. This is another source of competitive advanta ge and will ensure business sustainability.

GMO and novel Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

In the novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley infers that caution must be taken when practicing science and tampering with nature. Even though the book was published in the early nineteenth century it predicted a lot about what occurs in science today. Science has come so far since the 19th century. Innovations in technology, science, medicine, etc. have shaped the way humans function today. Scientists have always been pushing the limits of scientific discovery. A genetically modified organism (commonly referred to as GMOs) is an organism that has had its genome changed or altered by genetic engineering. Many countries have made the switch to using GMOs instead of growing everything organically. The United States has been doing this since 1994. Producing and consuming GM food can be hazardous to the environment and one’s own body. GMOs can be seriously dangerous to your health. An example of this is that a type of modified corn was never intended for human consumption but actually for pig feed. According to certain studies this type of corn has been linked to liver and kidney problems. Some people might also be allergic to GMOs and not even know it since most companies don’t specify they use GMOs They allergies can range from mild symptoms to more serious side effects.â€Å"Food allergies are a growing problem in the United StatesSome people believe that spike is linked to GM foods† (GMOs: Pros and Cons). Some people can even be seriously allergic to GMOs. GMOs also affect our environment, they are often tested on animals and they alter the way the course of nature works, by contributing to antibiotic resistance. The only benefit of GM food is that it is much easier to produce because the seeds are manipulated to grow larger at a faster rate. Genetic engineering is the process of altering the structure and nature of genes in human beings and animals. The purpose is to modify DNA in order to benefit an organism. Although it has numerous benefits, people still fear it can change nature. Genetic engineering may increase life span, lower the risk of genetic disease, and make children stronger, smarter, and healthier. It is indeed altering science and nature, though. It also gives the chance of having a genetic engineer make a life-altering, irreversible mistake affecting a person for the rest of their life. The monster explains, â€Å"Nothing is so painful to the human mind as a great and sudden change† (Shelly 167). This heavily relates to genetic engineering because many fear genetic engineering and are not ready for change. It scares a lot of people, even though it has done a lot for families who have dangerous genes they don’t want to pass onto their children. The production of GM foods and genetic engineering can relate to the novel, Frankenstein. GMOs affect the way nature changes peoples’ food and genetic engineering affects peoples DNA. Similarly, Dr. Victor Frankenstein affects the way human beings are created and how they look and interact with the world. The monster elucidates, â€Å"Life, although it may only be an accumulation of anguish, is dear to me, and I will defend it† (Shelly 114). This is insight on how The Monster feels. In turn this relates to GM food because it shows how messing with nature can have serious consequences and can affect the environment and other people.

Scope Of A Project Management Project Essay - 3039 Words

1. What is Scope? Scope is nothing but which refers to project boundaries where it resolute what work which is assigned will be finished during the project lifecycle. This even includes identifying the work which would not be included in the present round of product or service implementation. A scope in a project is nothing but the actual planning which is made for the project which requires in regulating and even documenting a list of specific project goals, deliverables, tasks and deadlines. The documentation which is made for the scope of the project clearly explains the boundaries of a project and also initiates the duties for each team member and sets up methods regarding for how much the completed work will be verified and approved. The scope of the project which is made helps the project team stay focused on the given task. The scope statement also provides the project team leader or the facilitator with instructions for making decisions about the change of request which are being made during t he development of the project. It would be much better if the project has an accepted scope at the beginning or initial stages itself as it is quite natural for large projects to their parts along the way. when documenting the scope of a project the stake holders should be very specific regarding their work as one or more parts of a project ends up requiring more work, time, effort because of poor planning or miscommunication. Effective scope management requires goodShow MoreRelatedScope Of A Project Management Project3020 Words   |  13 Pages1. What is Scope? Scope is nothing but which refers to project boundaries where it determines what work will be completed during the project lifecycle. This even includes identifying the work which would not be included in the current round of product or service development. A scope in a project is nothing but the proper planning which is made for the project which involves in determining and even documenting a list of specific project goals, deliverables, tasks and deadlines. The documentation whichRead MoreProject Scope Of Project Management945 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION The scope of a project is one of the most fundamental aspect of the planning development. In broad descriptions, it entails the objectives and requirements of the product. This concept is best defined in a document called Project Scope Statement. Project managers around the world have been successfully using this technique to provide an overall picture of the project. It is important to outline its usefulness in the project management business as it is a big factor of project success. TheRead MoreProject Scope Management2388 Words   |  10 PagesPrior to the onset of modern project management, the success criteria of a project lay solely on the technical success, or scope of the resulting product or service. Today, adherence to budget and schedule form a triangle of success factors alongside scope, with client satisfaction also developing as a key determinant of project success (Kerzner, 2004). However, the delivery of project scope will always take precedence over all other projec t factors, because if a project fails to deliver on its originalRead MoreProject Management : Scope Management1345 Words   |  6 Pages Project management is the â€Å"application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a project activities to meet project requirements.† (A). Part of the being a project manager is understanding the ten knowledge areas which consists of scope management, time management, cost management, quality management, human resource management, communications management, risk management, procurement management and stakeholder management. With the roll out of the Affordable Healthcare Act there were many issuesRead MoreScope Creep : Project Management975 Words   |  4 PagesSCOPE CREEP IN PROJECTS 1. INTRODUCTION The concept of project scope may be one of the most ample in project management. It involves objectives, limits and intentions. Every requirement in a project as well as its characteristics must be dealt with when planning the scope. Even though it s reasonable to say that every project is unique, the causes for which it fails are generally the same. And if you already know what these causes are, you can minimize the likelihood of problemsRead MoreDescribe The Project Scope And Project Management Plan2615 Words   |  11 Pages Describe the project scope and project management plan. Align your plan to the overall strategy that you had recommended to the senior executives in Assignment 2. As a project manager, I will need to define the project scope no matter what methodology I choose to use. Defining project scope is the first step towards establishing a project timeline, setting project goals and allocating project resources. â€Å"Scope is the summation of all deliverables required as a part of the project. This includesRead MoreProject Scope Management Implementation Management Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesProject Scope Management It is defined as all the steps that are required to be taken for project functioning; it includes all the steps required for successful completion of project. Project scope management has main six processes. †¢ Plan scope Management †¢ Collect requirements . †¢ Defining of the scope It is a process of creating and documenting a detailed description of the project undertaken. †¢ Creating a work breakdown structure It is the process of distributing the whole project into severalRead MoreProject Scope And Management Plan2509 Words   |  11 PagesProject Scope and Management Plan Central Custom Cruisers is a new brand of motorcycles which is custom cruiser inspired motorcycles characterized by unique engine features, innovative design, advanced engineering and overall technical excellence. The Company will produce motorcycles in four market segments which vary in their technical and design features and intended customers: Starter Cruisers, Sport Touring Cruisers, Middleweight and Classic. The Company’s motorcycles will be sold as a primaryRead MoreThe Project Scope Management Knowledge Area1779 Words   |  8 PagesThe project scope management knowledge area is concerned with the work the project is required to do, and only the work required, and is managed by controlling what is and what is not included in the project (PMI 2013, p.105). Scope management involves converting the owners or sponsors requirements into a definition of the asset and identify the work that is required to complete the project (Turner 2014, p.131). The vegetation elimination project manages scope primarily from the implementationRead MoreProject Scope Of Earned Value Management925 Words   |  4 PagesEarned Value Management started back in the early sixties when the Air force started using the program. In recent years, the program has become a part of the federal project risk management system and is mandatory tool used for US government contracts. Earned Value Management helps to analyze many parts of a project such as the cost variance, schedule variance, cost performance, and schedule performance. Earned Value management measures the performance of a project by finding variances between the